Japanese, like English, has the concepts of subject, of sentence, direct object, and indirect object, but it expresses these concepts in a different manner.In English, we show the relationships between the words of a sentence mostly word order, such as,
The policeman chased the burglar.
The burglar chased the policeman.
These sentence is totally different. However, in Japanese, the sentence function of noun and pronoun is shown by additional words that are placed immediately after the noun and pronoun. These words are called particle or prepositions. The word order is also important (I will discuss this later) though, basically the sentence make sense to me.
Taro gave hanako the flower.
太郎は花子に花をあげた。taro ha hanako ni hana o ageta.
花子に太郎は花をあげた。hanako ni taro ha hana o ageta.
花を太郎は花子にあげた。hana o taro ha hanako ni ageta.
The first one is perfect, but I understand 2nd, 3rd one.These particle or preposition never vary, always remains the same.
Let’s practice using examples, these three most important particle or preposition, ga, wa, o.
ga usually indicates the grammatical subject of sentence or clause in which it appears
2. wa は
wa indicates that the material that it immediately follows is to be set apart from grammatical basis of the Japanese sentence. A rough English translation that will fit in the most situation is ‘as for’
: As for me, tomorrow I shall go to concert.
Also you may have observed, wa is often indicate material that is subject of English translation. You may be puzzled about when you should use wa. Actually, this involve a very subtle distinction in Japanese thought. Let me tell you later.
o indicates that preceding word is the direct object of the verb.
お土産を買いました。 Omiyage o kai masita. : I bought some souvenir.
It is very important that you understand how these proposition are used, since they are cement that bond together the part of Japanese sentence. They cannot be omitted in a grammatically correct sentence. You must indicate the subject of a clause, either ga or wa, and you must indicate the direct object, if there is one, by o. But as I said you before, you don’t need to worry about the word order firslty. I think Japanese understand what you want to say. The other examples are ne and ka, These are used for express questions. I may discuss later.